20. SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BRIDGES
This unpublished paper by Dr. Michael Constaninou describes the seismic protection of a steel multi-girder highway bridge. Three types of base isolators are included; high damping rubber, lead-rubber and Friction Pendulum. The effect of added viscous damping is also investigated, and is found to greatly enhance the performance of the isolators, even though the dampers required are rather small. This classic paper is hand written by Dr. Constantinou and includes his calculations and his sketches of the bridge, isolation devices and dampers.